Dr. Hafiz Imtiaz

We integrate a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based back contact to enhance hole extraction and device stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) without a hole transport layer (HTL), providing a cost-effective and stable alternative to conventional architectures by relying solely on an absorber layer and an electron transport layer (ETL). We propose a machine learning (ML)-driven framework that combines numerical simulations with experimental validation to simultaneously optimize efficiency and stability in HTL-free PSCs. We observe excellent agreement between a fabricated device and its simulated counterpart for some specific molar fraction. This work led to this Elsevier Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments publication.